By: Erianto Nugroho

To provide poultry meat for DKI Jakarta, a large amount of birds are brought in to the capital every day from various sources. The large business potential for poultry in DKI Jakarta and high economic and social values associated with those businesses gave rise to a plethora of industries working in collecting, slaughtering and distributing poultry products. Activities in Poultry Collecting Facilities (PCFs) and Poultry Slaughtering Facilities (PSFs) have a high risk to spreading Avian Influenza (AI) viruses between birds and from bird to human. A study conducted by CIVAS found AI viruses in 84.6% PCFs (CIVAS, 2008a). From 2005 to 2014, AI in Indonesia has caused 163 fatalities from 195 cases with Case Fatality Rate 83.59% (WHO, 2014). This makes Indonesia the country with the highest number of AI human fatalities. To prevent further spread of AI and provide a sense of security and comfort for the citizens of DKI Jakarta, the Provincial Government issued DKI Jakarta Province Regional Regulation No. 4 Year 2007 on Control of Poultry Farming and Distribution. The purpose of this study is to summarize the characteristics and inclination of poultry collecting and slaughtering facilities in DKI Jakarta to participate in the poultry market relocation program.

The study was conducted in all 5 (five) Administrative Municipalities of DKI Jakarta Province between July and November 2013. Data was collected through survey, field observation and discussion. PCF and PSF characteristic data included management system, poultry movement flow, distribution system, and inclination to continue the business and support the implementation of Regional Regulation No. 4 Year 2007.

In general, all PCFs (100%) and majority of PSFs (93.8%) were the main source of income for its employees. About 67.48%  PCFs and 65.95% PSFs have been in business for over 10 years. However, the businesses were personal facilities without any legal body or legal business permit. All PCFs and PSFs studied did not have any solid or liquid waste management system.

The type of poultry handled by facilities were broiler chickens (63.41% PCFs and 87.51% PSFs), native chickens (18.70% PCFs and 7.41% PSFs), ducks (9.77% PCFs and 3.57% PSFs), spent layer hens (4.49% PCFs and 1.29% PSFs), and parent stock (3.63% PCFs and 0.23% PSFs). The birds came from Jakarta (7.26% PCFs and 62.18% PSFs), surrouding areas Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi (26.17% PCFs and 26.60% PSFs), areas in West Java-Banten other than Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi (52.79% PCFs and 0% PSFs), Central and East Java (8.32% PCFs and 9.61% PSFs) and Sumatra (5.46% and 1.60%).

A majority of facility owners know about Avian Influenza (93.49% PCFs and 96.94% PSFs). About 96% of PCFs (118 units) wanted to continue their business and only 4% PCFs (5 units) were reluctant to do so. Of the 118 PCFS, 53 units (44.91%) already relocated to approved areas Pulogadung and Rawa Kepiting and 65 units (52.02%) were still located outside the relocation zone. Of the units still located outside the relocation zone, 36 units (55.83%) were willing to move to approved areas Rawa Kepiting, Pulo Gadung, or Kalideres. Fourteen PCFs (21.54%) were prepared to relocate unconditionally, 22 PCFs (33.85%) proposed certain requirements for relocation, and 29 PCFs (44.61%) refused to relocate.

There are still many live birds gathered and slaughtered in dense residential areas in DKI Jakarta although most of the business owners were familiar with Avian Influenza and how it’s spread. This shows that implementation of DKI Jakarta Regional Regulation No. 4 Year 2007 is still unsuccessful because there is a gap between government plans or programs and the condition in the field, which is largely influenced by economic, social and law enforcement aspects.

It is imperative that follow up plans and strategies be made and implemented. A clear workplan with sufficient consideration to target audiences, time frame, and available budget is needed. Active role from the government, as the main player in the implementation of DKI Jakarta Regional Regulation No. 4 Year 2007 is needed for mentoring, evaluation and monitoring of the program.